Renal arteriography

Definition

肾动脉造影是一种特殊的肾脏血管x线检查.

Alternative Names

Renal angiogram; Angiography - kidney; Renal angiography; Renal artery stenosis - arteriography

How the Test is Performed

该检查在十大赌博平台排行榜或门诊进行. You will lie on an x-ray table.

医疗保健提供者通常使用腹股沟附近的动脉进行测试. 偶尔，十大赌博平台排行榜可能会使用手腕动脉.

Your provider will:

• Clean and shave the area.
• Apply a numbing medicine to the area.
• Place a needle into the artery.
• 将细导线穿过针头进入动脉.
• Take out the needle.
• 在它的位置插入一根又长又窄又柔软的管子，称为导管.

十大赌博平台排行榜利用身体的x射线图像将导管引导到正确的位置. 一种叫做荧光镜的仪器将图像发送到电视监视器上，提供者可以看到.

导管通过导线向前推进进入主动脉(来自心脏的主要血管)。. It then enters the kidney artery. 该测试使用一种特殊的染料(称为造影剂)来帮助动脉在x射线上显示出来. 肾脏的血管用普通x射线是看不见的. 染料通过导管流入肾动脉.

当染料在血管中移动时，拍摄x射线图像. 含有血液稀释剂的盐水(无菌盐水)也可以通过导管输送，以防止该区域的血液凝固.

The catheter is removed after the x-rays are taken. 在腹股沟处放置闭合装置或对该区域施加压力以止血. 手术后，你可能会被要求保持腿部伸直4到6个小时.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell the provider if:

• You are pregnant
• You have ever had any bleeding problems
• 你目前正在服用血液稀释剂，包括每日服用阿司匹林
• You ever had any allergic reactions特别是与x射线造影剂或碘物质有关的
• 您曾经被诊断患有肾衰竭或肾功能不佳

You must sign a consent form. 在测试前6到8小时内不要吃或喝任何东西. 你会被要求穿一件病号服并摘掉所有的首饰. 手术前可能会给你止痛药(镇静剂)，手术中可能会给你静脉注射镇静剂.

How the Test will Feel

You will lie flat on the x-ray table. 通常有一个垫子，但它没有床舒服. 给麻醉药时，你可能会感到刺痛. 放置导管时，您可能会感到压力和不适.

有些人在注射染料时有一种温暖的感觉，但大多数人感觉不到. You don't feel the catheter inside your body.

测试后，注射部位可能会有轻微的压痛和瘀伤.

Why the Test is Performed

在完成其他检查后，通常需要肾动脉造影来帮助决定最佳治疗方案. These include duplex ultrasound， CT腹部，CT血管造影，MRI腹部，或MRI血管造影. These tests may show the following problems.

• Abnormal widening of an artery, called an aneurysm
• Abnormal connections between veins and arteries (fistulas)
• Blood clot blocking an artery supplying the kidney
• 原因不明的高血压被认为是由于 narrowing of the blood vessels of the kidneys
• Benign tumors and cancers involving the kidneys
• Active bleeding from the kidney

这项测试可用于肾脏移植前检查供体和受体.

Normal Results

Results may vary. 和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈你的具体检查结果的意义.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Renal angiography may show the presence of tumors, 动脉或动脉瘤变窄(静脉或动脉变宽), blood clots, fistulas, or bleeding in the kidney.

测试也可以在以下十大赌博靠谱网络平台下进行:

• Blockage of an artery by a blood clot
• Renal artery stenosis
• Renal cell cancer
• 血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(肾脏非癌性肿瘤)

其中一些问题可以在进行动脉造影的同时进行技术治疗.

• 血管成形术是一种打开狭窄或堵塞的血管为肾脏供血的手术.
• 支架是一个小的金属网管，可以保持动脉畅通. It may be placed to keep a narrowed artery open.
• 癌症和非癌性肿瘤可以通过栓塞治疗. 这包括使用阻断血液流动的物质来杀死或缩小肿瘤. 有时，这与手术相结合.
• Bleeding can also be treated with embolization.
  

Risks

The procedure is generally safe. There may be some risks, such as:

• Allergic reaction to the dye (contrast medium)
• Arterial damage
• 动脉或动脉壁受损，可导致血栓
• 肾损伤是由于动脉损伤或染料造成的

There is low radiation exposure. 孕妇和儿童对x射线的风险更敏感.

Considerations

如果你怀孕了或有严重的出血问题，不应该做这个测试.

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or CT angiography (CTA) can be done instead. MRA和CTA是无创的，可以提供类似的肾动脉成像, although they cannot be used for treatment.

References

Azarbal AF, Mclafferty RB. Arteriography. In: Sidawy AN, Perler BA, eds. 卢瑟福血管外科和血管内治疗. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 25.

Duddalwar VA, Jadvar H, Palmer SL. Diagnostic kidney imaging. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW，编. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 25.

Textor SC. 肾血管性高血压和缺血性肾病. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW，编. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 47.